Saturday, April 25, 2020
Reviews Essay Example
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Wednesday, March 18, 2020
How to Develop Photographic Memory
How to Develop Photographic Memory Struggling to remember that phone number? Having troubles memorizing the dates for the History exam? Seeking for a magic way to imprint the information on your brain quickly and efficiently? Sadly, we dont do magic. Luckily, there are some ways to help drastically improve your memory. Before we get down to business, lets dot all the is and cross all the ts. Though used interchangeably, the terms ââ¬Å"photographic memoryâ⬠and ââ¬Å"eidetic memoryâ⬠dont mean the same thing. Eidetic memory is the ability to remember visual images for a long time after seeing them shortly. Photographic memory is a skill, that allows one to memorize impressive amounts of information (text, numbers etc) almost immediately after seeing them. Its considered to be a popular misconception and a product of junk science. If the controversy hasnt changed your intention to improve your memory and get closer to a true ââ¬Å"braniacâ⬠status, prepare to do some work and appreciate the results. With a bit of patience and practice youll definitely become the memory master. Method of Loci This technique requires a bit of effort and a lot of imagination. Basically, its a mnemonic device, strongly connected with spatial memory. There are several stages to it and well walk you through each one. Construct Your Memory Palace Our brain remember visual images much better than soulless text or numbers. Thats why building associations facilitates memorizing process. Memory palace is where youll store the images. It doesnt have to be fancy a all. The only requirement is that you know it and can easily find your way around. The house youve grown up in will fit perfectly. Once the place is chosen, move to the next step. Paint the Pictures Lets go with the basics here: say, you need to memorize the list of groceries, which contains milk, avocados, soap and corn flakes. Take the three items and go a little crazy. Imagine avocado, swimming in the canoe down the milk river, floating down the stairs of your house. Then, it takes a machine-gun, and starts shooting with cornflakes. They hit your Moms favorite vase, it breaks into pieces, releasing soap foam all over the place. There you have it: avocado, milk, soap and corn flakes! We remember catchy images much better. The images you create may be ridiculous, scary, sexy, shocking ââ¬â whatever works for you. Make sure to connect them with a certain location in your mind palace, use the vivid colors and prepare to be surprised with how much you actually can remember. Take a Tour Now, take a stroll around the palace. Use the mental ââ¬Å"anchorsâ⬠youve left around it and think of an element of your picture. After that you brain will conjure up the whole image, helping you recall the constituents. Thats how you use the loci method. Unleash your creativity and have fun with it. Mind Mapping Mind Mapping is a powerful memorizing technique, effective particularly for non-linear thinkers. It involves drawing a scheme, with the key concept in the center with all the others surrounding it. The notions are organized into branches, which leads first to the important sub-concept and then, inevitably, to the central one. A well-organized mind-map is far more efficient than hours of repetition as it makes you think and build connections in your own way. Go Sober Yeah, this one is a bit sad. Alcohol deteriorates your learning abilities and memory. If you do want to facilitate the memorizing process to the greatest extent, go really light on booze (if youre not ready to give it up entirely). The wisest choice concerning the beverage is red wine: its full of antioxidants and flavanols that help prevent Alzheimers disease and make your memory function better. Military Technique Ready to go tough? This technique has been used to train the intelligence for several decades already. To try it youll need: a room (preferably with no windows), a lamp (with a switch that is easy to reach), a book with the information you need to memorize, a sheet of paper and 15 minutes per day at least during a month. Got it all? Moving to the method then. First, choose the paragraph you need to memorize. Then, take the paper and cut out a part of it that will cover all the page of the book except for the needed paragraph. Place the paper onto the page and turn off the lights. When your eyes adjust to the darkness completely, turn on the light for a couple of seconds. The moment should be enough to see the paragraph in full concentration. Then turn off the light and repeat. The whole procedure may sound weird at first, yet soon youll get used to it and remember the text of the paragraph much quicker. Eat Right A good diet is everything. To literally nourish your brain, make sure you include enough products, containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, potassium, Vitamins E and K. These elements will keep your brain alert, prevent Alzheimers and dementia, boost your mood and ability to focus. Add sufficient amounts of broccoli, nuts, seeds, oily fish and whole grains to your food and get healthier with every meal. Heres a student grocery list which contain everything you need for a healthy diet. Get Pumped Up Exercising has tons of benefits. Apart from toning your body and increasing general fitness, it helps you be more focused, make better decisions and remember information for a long time. While exercising, you accelerate the blood flow, making it bring more oxygen to the brain cells. In addition to that, the post-workout boost of endorphins will make you feel good about yourself, motivate you to work harder and practice all the techniques weve mentioned above. Well, thats pretty much it. Dont give up and quite soon youll become a real memorization monster!
Sunday, March 1, 2020
How to write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird
How to write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Analytical Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Why write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird How to start an analytical essay: Tips on how to start Outline example Tips on how to write a thesis statement How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and a thesis How to write body paragraphs: Tips on body writing How to finish an analytical essay: Tips on conclusion writing Analytical essay revision Analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird (Sample) Why write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Students undertaking literature courses often analyze various kinds of literature as part of their coursework. An analytical essay requires students to review and critically analyze a written work. The story To Kill a Mockingbird is an example of several kinds of literature that depicts how discrimination affected many families living in the southern parts of the US during the 1930s. The story highlights how different characters undergo significant changes despite living in an environment where discrimination was widely practiced. Harper Lee book, To Kill A Mockingbird, presents the theme of courage using a small family living in Maycomb county to depict courage in their fight against racial discrimination. How to start an analytical essay: Tips on how to start Analytical essays help the target audience understand the overall composition of the story by scrutinizing the literature including the characters. An analytical essay is divided into different sections to provide evidence about the authors perspective based on his understanding of the text. A good analytical essay needs to capture the audience interest; the author should use startling statements. Some background information related to the theme should be presented to help the audience understand the authors area of focus. A good analytical essay presents a critical review, including artistic styles used by the author to present the theme. It is important to identify which section of the book is to be analyzed and also the significance of the theme according to the original author. Outline example of analytical essay INTRODUCTION Explain the significance of the book A brief background of the theme and how the background connects to the theme BODY PARAGRAPHS Describe the specific elements used by the author to advance his theme in the story Present examples to justify the authorsââ¬â¢ choice of element Describe the role of the main characters and how the characters enhances the plot Describe the authors strengths and weaknesses CONCLUSION Review the book and justify the significance of the book Some of the lessons learned from the story How to write a thesis for an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird The thesis statement states the main ideas of an essay. A thesis statement is what the author wants to justify. For example, a good thesis statement for an analytical essay about To Kill A Mockingbird, with the central idea of courage, the thesis statement can be as follows: Courage is evident throughout the story; for example, Atticus constant fight against racism and Mrs. Dubose overcoming her addiction to morphine demonstrates courage amidst fear. How to write an introduction A good introduction needs to inform the audience what to expect in the following paragraphs. The first sentence of an essay should be clear and precise. The reader should be able to understand what the author intends to discuss by reading the introduction. Tips on how to write an introduction and a thesis The introduction needs to include the original authors name and the main theme; the introduction needs to convey the writers position concerning the original authors ideas. The introduction should indicate the main ideas to be discussed by presenting a thesis statement. An eye-catching introduction will attract the readers attention; therefore, the first few sentences of the introduction should be clear and precise. An analytical essay structure should contain the authors perspective on the subject, the purpose and the target audience as part of the introduction. How to write body paragraphs: Tips on body writing The body paragraphs should expand on the essay introduction by supporting the thesis statement. The body paragraphs have to present evidence to prove the claim by using specific text examples in order to justify the authors position. A five-paragraph analytical essay should contain three major parts, the introduction, essay body and the conclusion. The body paragraphs should contain at least three paragraphs to explain the main essay idea. The body paragraphs should also present a detailed explanation of the authors claims, including the strategies used. When analyzing literature, the author should discuss each chapter or analyze specific sections to present his claims. It is important to describe the rhetorical strategies used and explain if they are effective or not. The analysis needs to provide examples to support the authors position. How to finish an analytical essay: Tips on conclusion writing The conclusion is the last part of an essay that sums up all the argument to remind the reader of the main purpose of the essay. Conclusion means reminding the reader of the discussion. Therefore, the conclusions should contain brief sentences as a summary of what has been discussed. A good conclusion outlines the main issues discussed and linking the discussion to prove the claims made in the thesis statement. A good conclusion needs to connect the main idea with a broader argument or compare the argument using a broader perspective. When concluding an essay, the main focus should be on the discussion presented in the introduction and the essay body. The author should not present any new ideas when concluding. The author needs to discuss his position after the analysis and the implications of his findings. Analytical essay revision After completing the essay draft, it is important to review the essay to make it look professional. The essay needs to be free from any grammatical errors. Revision means checking for proper use of pronouns, subject agreement, proper sentence structure, and punctuations. Ensure that the language is simple; avoid unnecessary words that might confuse the reader. Analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird (Sample) Harper Lees story To Kill A Mockingbird presents a realistic story dating back to 1930s that resonate today. The most important theme of the story is about courage. To Kill A Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee, talks about a small town in the southern part of the 1930s, focusing on Maycomb county where the struggles of life are evident. Some of the notable characters like Atticus Finch, Jem and Scout present how discrimination affected many people living in the south. Harper explores the moral nature of humans, especially the struggle between discrimination and tolerance. Courage is evident throughout the story; for example, Atticus constant fight against racism and Mrs. Dubose overcoming her addiction to morphine demonstrates courage. The novel reveals not only prejudice but also examines the nature of prejudice and its consequences. The story setting and the period in which the story was written convey the struggles of many characters to fight racial discrimination. This involves the persecution of innocent people, especially during Tom Robinsons trial. Courage is evident in several parts of the book, for instance, the children Jem and Scout stands up to face their fears. Jems and Scouts bravery is noticeable in one of the scenes where they follow Atticus Finch in court during the rape trials to witness how he defends Tom Robinson. Scout displays heroism when addressing Walter Cunningham without fearing any repercussions of his actions. To Kill A Mockingbird proves how several characters had hope and courage amid rampant discrimination; they overcome fear to defend their position in the society. The novel shows the reader how courage can impact on others.
Friday, February 14, 2020
Secondary Data Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Secondary Data - Assignment Example h this comprises the integrity of the data to some extent since it is not gathered directly from the source (Christensen, Johnson & Turner, 2010); some studies require data that cannot be gathered directly or it can be unethical to expose participants directly to research conditions (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). Data that is gathered in such indirect ways is called secondary data; and when used appropriately, it can provide valuable information about the population (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). An example of a study using Secondary Data would be one that attempted to evaluate the changes in the manner and extent to which depression was reported over a decade at a campus clinic that caters to the students of a university. A study like this would want to study the number of cases reported; the symptoms described; and the treatment suggested and chosen as well as the number of cases that reported recovery and the time taken to achieve this recovery. The data required for this study is historical data that is available from the case files available at the clinic. The participants in this study would be the persons who were diagnosed with Depression; and it would be unethical to remind them of their illness ââ¬â particularly since it can raise painful memories especially for participants who had to struggle with the illness for a long time (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). Also, participants who were diagnosed many years back may not remember the symptoms well; or the details of the treatment they took, and may not be able to provide details. These details can be taken from the case files; and will provide a more accurate representation; although using the case files limits the scope of the research to the details available (Christensen, Johnson & Turner, 2010). If the participant provided inaccurate information, this cannot be evaluated; nor can it provide information about people who did not approach the clinic but were depressed nevertheless.
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Managing Organisational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Managing Organisational Change - Essay Example Recent advancements in technology and globalization have rendered the business environment full of changes. For instance, the emergence of mobile adaptability and social media has resulted in an increase in the need for change. Paying attention to detail has raised the stakes for failed business efforts pilling pressure on the struggling executives. With this so much change going on in the business environment, firm need to learn how to adapt to these changes. Organizational changes ensure that changes are smoothly and successfully implemented in order to attain long-lasting benefits. Change occurs due to the pressure of both external and internal forces in the firm. The paper will discuss technology advancements and change of managerial personnel as external and internal forces of change in an organization respectively. The paper will go ahead and relate how these pressures have impacted on Group Danone. Technological advancements have a secondary influence of increasing the availability and accountability of change. Therefore, to remain and survive in the business environment, the management needs to be alert to any changing forces and make a response by initiating changes within the organization. Palmer, Dunford and Akin, (2009:358) argue that the images for managing change include the director, navigator, caretaker, coach, interpreter, and nurturer. For instance, during the course of change, the director is tasked with the responsibility of designing the process of change and directing people to adhere in that the change is attained as planned. The navigator designs the change process in order to best fit the conditions experienced. The caretaker role is attained are attained due to environmental factors. The coach is tasked assisting the members of the organization to develop within themselves the abilities prerequisite for success. For a change to be effective, the organizations need to ensure that the employees are in support of
Friday, January 24, 2020
Jilting in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Katherine Anne Porte
Jilting in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" and Katherine Anne Porter's "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall" Websterââ¬â¢s dictionary defines the word ââ¬Å"jiltâ⬠as the act of rejecting a lover. So to be deserted by another, left at the altar, or unwanted by another, is to be jilted. In William Faulknerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Rose for Emilyâ⬠and in ââ¬Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherallâ⬠by Katherine Anne Porter, Emily and Granny Weatherall throughout the course of their lives experience jilting several times. In turn, this rejection places a significant emphasis on both of their lives. After Emilyââ¬â¢s father passes away in ââ¬Å"A Rose for Emily,â⬠Emilyââ¬â¢s sweetheart rejects her. The only man that her father must have approved of ran out on her, leaving her all alone. It must have been unbearable for Emily, to loose the two most important people in her life within such a short time of each other. Emilyââ¬â¢s father, Mr. Grierson sent away all of the young men who had come to court her. They were not ââ¬Å"quite good enoughâ⬠for his little girl. He shut her off from society by standing in the front door ââ¬Å"clutching a horsewhip.â⬠He did not allow Emily to go into town to see how people lived their life. Nor did he allow her to meet people and make friends. Instead, Emilyââ¬â¢s father kept her in the house and isolated her from society. This isolation caused Emily to become resistant to change. With no one to turn to in her time of need, Emily was forced into a period of isolation. Because her father had isolated her for the first thirty years of her life, being secluded from the community was all she knew. The narrator (the town) points out, ââ¬Å"After her fatherââ¬â¢s death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all.â⬠By iso... ...gain no bridegroom and the priest in the house. She could not remember any other sorrow because this grief wiped them all away. Oh, no thereââ¬â¢s nothing more cruel than thisà ¾Iââ¬â¢ll never forgive it. She stretched herself with a deep breath and blew out the light.â⬠This second jilting at death makes the first jilting by George more moving and intensely powerful. The light, which she blows out, represents her life and she descends into the blackness of death, jilted again. Being rejected by a lover can have a major impact on oneââ¬â¢s life as it did for Emily, in ââ¬Å"A Rose for Emilyâ⬠and as it did for Granny, in ââ¬Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall.â⬠One must find it in their heart to forgive and forget and move on with their life. The jilting of Emily and Granny Weatherall shows how time changes and how it must be embraced, for better or for worse, because the past is no more.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Architect Peter Behrens
The purpose of this analysis is to identify, define, and explain. It is a three part analysis that also has an Introduction and a Conclusion. The first section discusses the ââ¬Å"Historical Background of the Architectâ⬠, Peter Behrens. Behrens was born in Germany where he made a significant contribution to the industry field. He brought the styles of Expressionistic, Industrial Classicism, Jugendstil, and International Modern Style to his masterpieces. In fact, these styles are explained in section two which is the ââ¬Å"Critical Analysisâ⬠.Behrensââ¬â¢ buildings, Behrens House, A. E. G. High Tension Factory, I. G. Farben Offices, and New Ways are assigned particular styles based upon the way they were designed and the year in which they were built. The final section is the ââ¬Å"Building Analysisâ⬠. Additional details are given for the Behrens House. These details are in terms of technicality, criticism, and building for the times. Based upon the findings of th is information, a Conclusion is drawn. Historical Background of the Architect Peter Behrens was originally from Hamburg, Germany. He was born in 1868.Behrens first profession was as a painter. However, graphic and applied arts appealed to Behrens more. Thus, he re-channeled his energy to those areas and steered away from painting. In 1899, an invitation to attend the Artistsââ¬â¢ Colony in Darmstadt enabled Behrens to establish a leadership role there. Yet, he would not stay put for long. Behrens next venture was in Dusseldorf where he was employed as the Director of the Kunstgewerkeschule. It was an interim position that sparked Behrensââ¬â¢s interest in adding a unique geometric abstraction to his work (ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens?â⬠2007). The 1890s was the time period when Behrens was located in Munich where he was employed as a painter and graphic artist. It is also when Behrens gained membership into the Jugendstil movement. However, it was not until 1893 that Behrens beca me one of the co-founders of the Munich Secession. Additionally, ââ¬Å"He produced woodcuts, colored (sic) illustrations, designs for book bindings and crafts objects entirely shaped by the Jugendstil formal languageâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Biography: Peter Behrensâ⬠n.d. ). Artists and architects such as Augst Endell, Bernhard Pankok, Bruno Paul, Hermann Obrist, and Richard Vereinigte united forces with Behrens in 1897 to find ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the Vereinigth Werkstatten fur Kunst und Handwerk in Munich to produce handmade utilitarian objectsâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Biography: Peter Behrensâ⬠n. d. ). These contributions to society were just as the word utilitarian means: functional, practical, and down-to-earth. Consequently, Behrens displayed humbleness in his work as well.This side may also have been evident when Behrens joined forces in 1898 to design ââ¬Å"Panâ⬠, a Berlin journal as well as when he fashioned the first of his furniture designs (ââ¬Å"Biography: Peter Behrensâ⬠n. d. ). At the same time that Behrens was creating unique architecture that stirred up a lot of talk and criticism, he was knee-deep in leadership roles. For example, ââ¬Å"In 1899 Peter Behrens was appointed by Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse-Darmstadt to the Mathildenhohe artistsââ¬â¢ colony the Grand Duke had just established in Darmstadtâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Biography: Peter Behrensâ⬠n. d. ).Naturally, having a position of such this caliber bestowed upon him by such a high prestige, this meant that Peter Behrens had earned respect, in addition to this honor, in the eyes of the Grand Duke. This could have been the reason why Behrens felt it time to build his own home. ââ¬Å"Designed as a total work of art, ââ¬Å"Haus Behrensâ⬠caused quite a stir; Behrens himself designed the architecture and the interior with all its appointments and furnishings down to the last detailâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Biography: Peter Behrensâ⬠n. d. ). Accordingly, Behrens was able to implemen t the Expressionistic style into his home.Perhaps this inner-creativeness is what caused the AEG to become interested in Behrens. The time between 1907 and 1914 led Behrensââ¬â¢ life to Berlin where he became an artistic advisor to the AEG. It was during this period in his professional career that Behrens became known as the person who ââ¬Å"â⬠¦created the worldââ¬â¢s first corporate imageâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens? â⬠2007, par. 2). Remarkably, Behrensââ¬â¢ work with the AEG was when he displayed a keen interest for designing architectural pieces that utilized the form and material found in the industry field.Moreover, Behrensââ¬â¢ work helped pave a path for others to follow. Therefore, he ââ¬Å"â⬠¦can be considered a key figure in the transition from Jugendstil to Industrial Classicism. ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËHe [indeed] played a central role in the evolution of German Modernismââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens? â⬠2007, par. 3). During the time fr ame between 1922 and 1936, Behrens was headmaster to the Vienna Akademie der Bildenden Kunste which is an architecture department where he also taught (ââ¬Å"Biography: Peter Behrensâ⬠n. d. ). As a result, Behrens was able to play a significant part in the way Germans (and people, in general) perceive architecture.Furthermore, Behrens ââ¬Å"â⬠¦designed china, glass objects and patterned imoleum flooring for various companies. ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËOne of his last commissions, in 1938, was to plan a new AEG headquarters in Berlinââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (ââ¬Å"Biography: Peter Behrensâ⬠n. d. ). This was, of course, all accomplished before Peter ââ¬Å"â⬠¦died in Berlin in 1940â⬠(ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens? â⬠2007, par. 4). Fortunately, Behrens was able to put many of his ideas into his architecture. In addition, he was able to demonstrate a high level of skill and technicality in his work. Critical Analysis One of Behrensââ¬â¢ first works was the Behrens House.It was designed in 1901 and is located in Darmstadt, Germany. The house is known for its fine dining rooms and music appeal. Its outline is one of the normal formats ââ¬Å"â⬠¦for a small burgeois houseâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (ââ¬Å"Behrens Houseâ⬠2007, par. 1). However, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦its internal and external expression was unusual, particularly for its combination of features drawn from the English Arts and Crafts movementâ⬠¦with elements such as the high-pitched roof drawn from the German Vernacularâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Behrens Houseâ⬠2007, par. 1). In this sense, the word vernacular gives a strong indication that the German culture was evident in Behrensââ¬â¢ works.Vernacular is just another term for the word language. Thus, the Behrens House is characteristic of the Expressionistic style (explained later) as well as of Industrial Classicism which is basically an ideology in which human beings and machines can coexist. In this case, the word ââ¬Å"machineâ⬠refers to bu ildings. Another of Behrensââ¬â¢ works is ââ¬Å"A. E. G. High Tension Factoryâ⬠(2007). The building was designed in 1910 and is located in Berlin, Germany. It is an industrial plant made of glass and iron. When Behrens created the building, he was able to incorporate a very unique and different look to it.ââ¬Å"Behrens achieved a plastic effect and a dynamic form of construction of the trusses, which were pulled towards the outside, as well as through the tapering iron trusses and the glass areas which were drawn towards the insideâ⬠(ââ¬Å"A. E. G. High Tension Factoryâ⬠2007, par. 1). This look aroused many other architects and caused them to criticize Behrens. In fact, ââ¬Å"Luduig Hilberseimer wrote: ââ¬ËPeter Behrens is led astray by the imperialistic power consciousness of the prewar years and restrained by classical influences, and he thinks to add a facade to his turbine hall of the AEG at Moabit, an otherwise terse structureâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (ââ¬Å"A .E. G. High Tension Factoryâ⬠2007, par. 1). However, Behrensââ¬â¢ work really demonstrated Expressionistic, Jugendstil, and Industrial Classicism styles. Yet, it was also represented of the International Modern Style. Did knowing these things stop others from criticizing Behrensââ¬â¢ works? No. Another architect also had strong words to say about Behrens. In fact, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦Erich Mendelsohn criticized the building [A. E. G. High Tension Factory}; ââ¬ËHe pastes over the expression of tension, which the hall creates, with the rigidity of a repeatedly broken temple tympanonâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (ââ¬Å"A. E. G.High Tension Factoryâ⬠2007, par. 1). However, this meant the work was characteristic of the Expressionistic style. This style was ââ¬Å"A movement in the arts during the early part of the 20th century that emphasized subjective expression of the artistââ¬â¢s inner expressionsâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens? â⬠2007). Of course, the expressionistic style o ccurred around the World War I era. Perhaps the strains of the war created a stir within the architectsââ¬â¢ souls because Behrens was not the only artist to take up this style; other German architects did as well (ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens? â⬠2007).Consequently, maybe that is why some architects saw the beauty in Behrensââ¬â¢ masterpiece. ââ¬Å"Le Corbusierâ⬠¦admired the structure as being a charged center, which represents the integral architectonic creations of our timeââ¬ârooms with admirable moderation and cleanness, with magnificent machines, which set solemn and impressive accents, as the center of attractionâ⬠(ââ¬Å"A. E. G. High Tension Factoryâ⬠2007, par. 1). This means that Behrensââ¬â¢ architecture was both Jugendstil and Industrial Classicism. Jugendstil is a cross between Art Nouveau and other unique styles (ââ¬Å"Jugendstilâ⬠2007).Art Nouveau is defined as ââ¬Å"â⬠¦a new form, an original artistic and decorative movement ins pired by the idea of ââ¬Ëtotal artââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (ââ¬Å"Introduction to Art Nouveauâ⬠2007, par. 4). Behrens also put Jugendstil and Industrial Classicism styles into his offices. The I. G. Farben Offices were designed between 1920 and 1925. In fact, these buildings are located in Frankfurt, Germany. Behrens used brick masonry as the construction system for these commercial offices. He followed the Dutch Expressionist Modern style as well.This type of architecture was symbolic of both ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the theatrical play of lightâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ as well as ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the systematic use of slanting rafters which serve to disrupt the overall rectilinearityâ⬠(ââ¬Å"I. G. Farben Officesâ⬠2007, par. 1). Consequently, this building was reminiscent of the Expressionistic style as well. Again, in this style the artist puts his heart into his work. One of Behrensââ¬â¢ later masterpieces was New Ways. ââ¬Å"In 1926 Peter Behrens designed ââ¬ËNew Waysââ¬â¢, a pri vate dwelling in Northampton, which is regarded as an early example of the International Modern styleâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Biography: Peter Behrensâ⬠n.d. ). Carpenter (n. d. ) indicated, ââ¬Å"Need and demand inspires Art. ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËInternational Modern Style buildings appeared in the early post war in the form of many large industrial sized buildingsââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (par. 1). During the years following the war, hospitals were needed for the injured and other buildings were needed to house soldiers after they were released from the hospital and before they could go home. Of course, this is mandatory when dealing with any war. However, back in the 1900s when World War I was occurring, people were not familiar with so many injuries.Thus, architects that were able to design establishments that would benefit the war contributed greatly to their countries. In fact, the German language was present in Behrensââ¬â¢ Behrens House, as indicated in previous sections. Building Analysis The Behrens House is unique in nature. It was built to become Peter Behrens habitat, where he could display his ideas into his work in detail. Moreover, the house was where Behrens thought of some of his greatest ideas. In fact, it was discussed at the Wikipedia website that, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦Behrens built his own house and fully conceived everything inside the house (furniture, towels, paintings, pottery, etc. ).ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËThe building of this house is considered to be the turning point in his lifeâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens: Biography? â⬠2007). It was the time period when Behrens went to the Expressionistic style and re-directed many of the thoughts he put into his architecture from the Jugendstil style. During this period, Behrens also steered away from the Munich artistic circles for which he had grown acquainted. Behrens became temperate and rigorous in his style of designs (ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens: Biography? â⬠2007). This was evident in the Behrens House. In fact, the construction system was made of brick and stucco facade, with a wood interior (ââ¬Å"Behrens Houseâ⬠2007).Thus, this gave the impression that Behrens had been serious when he built this home. It could have been the strain of involvement with so many different things or the toil that war can bring to even citizens of the war, whatever the case, Behrens House was amongst the first designs that took Peter Behrens in a totally different direction. This would be the Art Noueau style (ââ¬Å"Behrens Houseâ⬠2007). Of course, this style brings the total package of art designs to the home. So, what are the technicalities behind this design? Well, architecture itself is a technicality.Egan (1998) wrote, ââ¬Å"In terms of architecture, before we decide how to build, we must decide what to build, and whyâ⬠(par. 4). Peter Behrens decided that he wanted to construct a home and then he built Behrens House to be his home. At the same time, Behrens knew his safe-hav en would be the building ground for many of his ideas. This factor relates to Eganââ¬â¢s (1998) discussion in the fact that Egan said, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the most challenging questions in architecture are not answered through laws of physics or engineering; they are questions of culture and psychologyâ⬠(par. 4).Behrens became Expressionistic around the time of World War I. Since the details in his architecture were somber, one could say that Behrens had seen some horrors of the war that had found a place in his heart and came out in his designs. Even so, Behrens still portrayed the fact he was a German by having the German culture displayed in his work. This answers the question of culture. Psychology is answered by the fact that Behrens went from Jugendstil to an Expressionistic style of design. Do these attributes imply that technicalities existed in Behrens design? Yes. However, Egan (1998) mentioned,â⬠¦the essence of architecture is not construction; instead it is the de sign of spaces for humans. It includes spaces for humans, for their activities, for their treasures, and for their aspirations. Architecture uses the physical world of construction to shape, order, structure, articulate, and embody our spaces and our beliefs. (par. 4) This statement, in itself, gives way to the fact that Industrial Classicism existed. Industrial Classicism was considered to be the style that connected man with machine. Thus, Behrens tied himself with his architecture by building his own home and then working out of it.What type of mentality did this suggest of Behrens? It could be noted that Behrens had a Cognitive pragmatics mentality. Tirassa (1999) pointed out, ââ¬Å"Cognitive pragmatics is concerned with the mental process involved with intentional communication, that is, with the characteristics of the mind/brain that allow individuals belonging to the human (and possibly to other) species to intentionally communicate with each otherâ⬠(1). If this is the case, then Behrens was able to communicate his thoughts and aspirations with the design of his home in 1901. Architecture does not rely on oral communication.Therefore, Behrens was able to effectively communicate his design style, which everyone did not approve of. In order to fully understand what this means, the assumptions behind cognitive pragmatics must be given. Tirassa (1999) wrote, ââ¬Å"The first is that communication is best viewed as one form of social activity and that a theory of communication belongs therefore to the study of action and social action rather than of language or of the transmission of information. The second is that communication involves some form of active cooperation between participants. (1-2)In architecture, this may not be entirely true. For example, Behrensââ¬â¢ critics picked up on his rigid style by viewing his buildings and so did those who enjoyed Behrensââ¬â¢ work. Therefore, on social interaction had to take place for this to occur. Additinally, not everyone was in agreement that the Behrens House was one of the best pieces of architecture of that time. However, the design had people talking. Unfortunately, not all the communication was goodââ¬âas criticism was evident amongst some of the discussions (discussed earlier). So, was Behrens House a building for the times?Yes and no. It is because Behrens designed the home to last. Not only that, Behrens House received a lot of talk and during a time when war rages, opening up some form of communication is better than keeping it all bottled in until it explodes on its own. The main reason is because when/if that tension explodes in a negative manner, no telling what type of additional problems it will cause. Behrens House was also a building of its time because it allowed Behrens to express himself in such a manner, that he helped others go on to achieve great things.This was evident due to the contributions of architectural teachings and creations of utilitaria n objects that Behrens brought to the world. On the other hand, Behrens design may not be the best building for all times. In the presence of war and ever-increasing technological advancements, Behrens House may not have been practical living quarters for a family on the move. In these times, houses can be built in a matter of days and those with a high degree of difficulty can be built in one week (as seen on ABCââ¬â¢s, Extreme Makeover: Home Edition). Yet, back in those days, houses could be quickly assembled as well.An article about snail-like homes surfaced around 1943. It indicated that buildings, called Ratio Structures had been created and the buildings were being tested in The Bronx. The article also pointed out that these buildings were, Built on small concrete piersâ⬠¦[and] is unique having its framework, like a snailââ¬â¢s, on the outside. The Structure is composed of two practically independent parts: 1) an arch-shaped roof made of insulated panels and supporte d by posts; 2) rooms, formed of demountable inner & outer panels (sic) which can be shuffled around at will under the roof.Thus the structure has no weight-carrying walls. (ââ¬Å"Houses Like Snailsâ⬠1943). Consequently, these buildings were good for housing the injured and supporting the war. In fact, it was written that the ââ¬Å"Large unites could be changed to meet the requirements of homes, hospitals, recreation centers, storage, schools, etc. â⬠(ââ¬Å"Houses Like Snailsâ⬠1943). These factors, alone, make Ratio Structures both durable and convenient for todayââ¬â¢s times as well. Moreover, this statement is relative to current war issues. This is because the article also mentioned,Under (sic) wartime restrictions the panels are made of celotex and wallboard. But they could be made of any material. Having no weight-carrying walls, the Wiener-Sert system uses only 50% of the structural lumber and 80% of the metal permitted by WFB. (ââ¬Å"Houses Like Snails â⬠1943) What do all these things suggest about Behrens and his art? More than meets the eye. Conclusion Peter Behrens was able to listen to his heart and design the desires therein. That speaks volumes of the man. Not too many architectures, let alone, people are willing to do something new.Many professionals and individuals, in general, are more concerned with what others might do, think, or say than they are with being different. Of course, World War I had a lot to do with the fact that Behrens changed the way he designed from the Jugendstil style to the Expressionistic style. Yet, what should be noted is that those were not the only two design styles of the architect. Behrens also created works that displayed the style of Industrial Classicism and International Modern Style as well. Therefore, Behrens House should be considered as groundwork to other masterpieces in his time.References ââ¬Å"A. E. G. High Tension Factory. â⬠Great Buildings. com. 2007. Kevin Matthews and Artifice, Inc. 17 May 2007 ââ¬Å"Behrens House. â⬠Great Buildings. com. 2007. Kevin Matthews and Artifice, Inc. 17 May 2007 ââ¬Å"Biography: Peter Behrens. â⬠n. d. 17 May 2007 ââ¬Å"Jugendstil. â⬠Senses Art Nouveau sprl. 2007. 17 May 2007 Carpenter, Steve.International Modern Style. n. d. 17 May 2007 Egan, Christopher K. Ideas in Architecture. 1998. Egan/Martinez Design. 18 May 2007 ââ¬Å"I. G. Farben Offices. â⬠Great Buildings. com. 2007. Kevin Matthews and Artifice, Inc. 17 May 2007 ââ¬Å"Introduction to Art Nouveau. â⬠Senses Art Nouveau sprl. 2007. 17 May 2007 ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens?. â⬠Answers. com. 2007. 17 May 2007 ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens?. â⬠Great Buildings. com. 2007. Kevin Matthews and Artifice, Inc. 17 May 2007 ââ¬Å"Peter Behrens: Biography?. â⬠Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 17 April 2007. Berne Convention. 18 May 2007 Tirassa, M. Communicative competence and the architecture of the mind/brain. 1999. Acade mic Press. 18 May 2007 ââ¬Å"House of Snails. â⬠Time, Inc. 24 May 1943. 18 May 2007
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