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Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 104

Task Example The center issue of a learning contract is to give a controlling technique to individual learning. What is required in a learning contract is an away from of the reason of the agreement. This might be given as a point, a bind or an issue. The reason must be appropriate to the course or subject and be satisfactorily testing to justify incorporation in a single man level program (Anderson, Baud and Sampson 1998). Reason for learning agreements can be shown as changing duty regarding the training procedure from the teacher to the student to empower understudies learn better with an unmistakable core interest. It is likewise to offer an inspiration by safeguarding achievement under known conditions. Learning contract is a methods for an understudy to have a readied learning model to seek after. This structure must be explicitly intended for individual student’s needs. It offers data and targets the understudy has set for their person

Why The Apple Design Is So Successful

Why The Apple Design Is So Successful If you ask analysts, they would have varying opinions on what to credit for Apple’s success. Some say it’s because of the company having established a pretty much unshakable brand status, and commanding loyalty from its customers. Others say it’s mostly down to its premium pricing. Some even go so far as to give all the credit to its founder, the late Steve Jobs. Others are more specific, citing Apple’s ability to come up with clean, dependable and quality products. However, if we are to be more precise about it, this would mean that the success of Apple is also hinged heavily on product design. © Shutterstock.com | blackzheepIn this article, we will discuss the Apple design principles.APPLE AND DESIGNApple counts “design” as a foundation principle â€" the starting point of the entire product development process. It all started with the vision of Steve Jobs, when he founded a company that will make computers. He was not about to settle for just any design; it had to be better than good. In fact, the design had to be “great”.A CNN story had the world’s best designers picking the 12 best designs in the last century (in celebration of World Industrial Design Day 2015) and two of them were by Apple. The first was the Apple Mac (1984), which “seamlessly combined outstanding software and hardware into an experience”. The second was the first ever iPod, which redefined and revolutionized what they world knew of an mp3 player. No doubt, many would insist that other Apple products deserve to be on the list, such as the iPhone and the iPad. And who could blame them for thinking so? After all, Apple has almost become synonymous with innovative design.Some of the most notable and bestselling products that have come out in recent decades are from Apple, and the main reason why they were such a huge hit? Their design.Apple II: This is basically the Apple product that started it all. Sure, there was Apple I before it, but the Apple II stepped it up by becoming a personal computer with an expandable memory, color video graphics, point graphics, memory graphics, and gaming paddles. By adding expandability features to it, it gave users more control and customization power over it. Color graphics in the Apple II easily set it apart from other companies making computing devices. One of the key design points of the Apple II is its sound circuitry, which features a toggle circuit that emits a click through a line-out jack or a built-in speaker. Another is its internal video display generator.Mac: For most of the computing world, the Macintosh â€" or the Mac â €" was what started it all. The graphical user interface used in the Mac, as well as its monitor, keyboard and mouse, made it a worthy personal computing successor to the Apple II. This is also one of the reasons why it was such a big hit, particularly among graphic designers. Soon, everyone wanted that “beige personal computer” for themselves. Of course, this was followed by many recreations of the Mac, but there is no denying that the first one made the most impact, if only for starting a new trend and opening new doors for the business computing world.iMac series: With the iMac, Apple did away with the tower that has long been associated with the Mac. This resulted to a more compact and space-efficient computing experience, without compromising its computing power. This series of computers provided users with an all-in-one personal computer, with built-in stereo speakers and dual headphone jacks. It is also credited for being the first to have USB ports. Soon, the iMac was re leased in several fun and flavorful colors, to cater to those looking for more character. The later versions of the iMac also become considerably smaller and slimmer.iTunes: Considered to be one of the best and most innovative software to come out in the recent half a century â€" and from Apple â€" iTunes changed the way people listened to, stored, and shared music.iPod series of products: This pretty much gave a much-needed facelift to the quintessential mp3 player. It can store hundreds to thousands of songs and was later on tweaked to become an all-encompassing multimedia player where music, videos, and apps can run. The best part of the design? The ease of use that it provides users. It all started with a touch-sensitive wheel, and evolved into a touch-sensitive LCD screen in the iPod Touch.iPhone: Smartphones were never the same again when Apple launched the iPhone, which was initially dubbed as the “Jesus Phone”. It would then go on to spawn a line of products, with the iP hone 5s taking a major leap forward by becoming the smartphone that can replace a personal computer with its functionalities and features. One of the things users liked about it is how it was designed to have access to a wide range of cheap, and even free, applications. Of course, today, that may be up for some debate, but there is no denying that when it comes to smartphones, iPhone is one of the best.iPad Air 2: Once again, Apple took the world by storm when it introduced its tablet line, the iPad. However, one of the best releases of this series is the iPad Air 2, since it was designed as the thinnest iPad so far, at only 6.1 mm.Apple Watch: Smartwatches became hugely popular in the past several years, and Apple got in on the game by producing the Apple Watch, its more recent release. It acts more as a health and fitness monitor, which is ideal for users with an active lifestyle or those that are looking for a sleek, stylish yet simple and functional health monitor.What are the e xact reasons for the success of the Apple design, and why are many of its competitors are trying â€" but most of them failing â€" to emulate it?WHY APPLE DESIGN IS SUCCESSFULGroundbreaking. Pioneering. Enduring. All these words apply to the Apple design. One cannot discuss the success of Apple â€" the company â€" as a whole without touching on its design philosophies and sensibilities. They would not have been able to have established a cult following, especially among artists and designers, if they are not able to show something solid and, dare we say, earth-shattering, in the field of design.1. Systematic Product Development ProcessApple follows a process for product development that can only be described as logical and systematic. There is an order to everything, and that principle also applies on how it comes up with products. Considering how many of Apple’s products have become icons and are still commanding great patronage (and sales) to this day, it is obvious that this sys tem works.Design is done during pre-production.Apple is particular about the design phase being during the pre-production, and not post-production. All the design details are formulated and ironed out even before it is placed into production, so it is clear that they have a clear vision on how they want the product to turn out.This simply means that there is no trial-and-error going on here. While other manufacturers seem to perform design functions throughout the product development process, Apple strictly does everything at the beginning. This is to avoid confusions and veering away from the original vision of the product.Apple designers are designing for themselves.When Steve Jobs started creating products, he put himself in the shoes of the customer. He was the “user” of the Apple product that they will be creating. This is a slight shift from the usual practice of engineers and designers creating products for someone else. They are designing something that they will actuall y want to use, and will use, once it has been produced.In the same way, engineers have made a habit of designing products around a certain technology that is available to them. In short, they are designing for a technology, not for the user. At Apple, they are designing a product, not because they can, but because they actually want that product and cannot live without it.2. Substance over FormConsumers are easily convinced to buy something that they deem to be pretty or beautiful. Style and appearance are, after all, the first things that register to the naked eye. Thus, it is the one that first gets a response. That is part of human nature. However, consumers are also becoming smarter, preferring to look beneath the surface. That is what turns buyers into loyal customers.According to Steve Jobs, “design is how it works, not how it looks”. He was particular about how the final product would look, physically, but, more than that, the main point of contention is its functionality . Does it work? Does it deliver exactly what the user is looking for? Does it perform as it is expected to?One of the pitfalls of new companies coming up with new products is wanting to come up with one that looks great, without really seeing if it works. On paper, it looks like the next best thing to come out in recent years, and the marketing even promises that it is so. However, it ends up falling short of expectations.The focus of Apple design is the full integration of software and hardware, without claiming that it can do everything (and is good at it). It recognizes its shortcomings and instead focuses on what it is very good at.For example, the iPad does not have USB connectors or external disc drives. Other laptops and notebooks do. The design team over at Apple may not have included these two features in the iPad, but it did make sure that the device performs a specific set of tasks very well, while remaining very user-friendly and intuitive.3. Quality above allAsk Apple u sers why they stick to Apple products despite the fact that there are a lot of other, newer, and certainly cheaper alternatives out there, and they will give you a lot of reasons, most of which are centered on design.A Simple Aesthetic As mentioned repeatedly in many discussions and analyses on the Apple design, one of its defining characteristics is simplicity. More than being flashy or eye-catching, Apple designed its products to look clean, simple and straightforward.Visual simplicity is being practiced by Apple, and this is apparent in the design of its iPhones and iPads. They look clean, the interfaces are free from clutter, and the fonts are elegant and clean as well.When Apple designs a good-looking product, you can tell that it really is good-looking. Other brands and manufacturers shamelessly copy the design features of Apple products, and they are rarely able to do it right. This is partly a credit to how Steve Jobs instilled within the Apple industrial team an attitude of perfectionism.Apple creates designs that instill “pride and ownership”. Apple products are instantly recognizable at first glance, and they have now become status symbols of sort. This is another proof of how iconic Apple’s simple designs are.Great Attention to DetailPart of the reason why it takes a considerably long time for the design teams at Apple to come up with new products is how they pay a lot of attention to every detail of the design. In fact, many long-time Apple users even get surprised once they realize that even the tiniest details in the Apple product they are using is meant to accomplish something.For example, in the more recent versions of the Mac laptop, the internal fan speed has been programmed to automatically slow down once the voice dictation feature has been engaged. This is so that it can hear your voice better and more clearly. For sure, this is information that is unknown by many Mac laptop users, but that is just one of the many proofs of how the creative people over at Apple are detailed about the design of their products.Intuitiveness and user-friendlinessWhen it comes to understandability and ease of use, Apple successfully integrated these into its products. Apple is heavily credited for introducing the graphical user interface, where users can pretty much do everything in one place, and monitor or track their progress via that interface.Apple created products that are easy to understand, so that new users rarely, if ever, consult user manuals or guides. Operations were made to be discoverable via menus, and everything can be recovered, in case users committed an error during operation and want to reverse them to an earlier time. In short, users were accorded control and power over the operations of the devices or products.Granted, lately, there are many criticisms that Apple products are becoming increasingly difficult to understand, learn and operate. However, compared to its peers, Apple remains to be a company that p uts great premium on ease of use when designing its products.4. Apple designs for the futureApple is a pioneer when it comes to design. It is known that the design team of Apple starts working on a new design two years early. That is quite a head start, considering how the competition is just catching up. So Apple introduces a new, cutting-edge design, competitors try to copy it, but by the time they are able to, Apple is already hard at work â€" and even more than halfway though â€" another breakthrough design.Consumers would naturally want something that is advanced, which is why they would prefer to stick with Apple products instead of the more “outdated” ones.5. Design is a continuous processYou will notice that Apple does not really invent new products frequently. Apple focuses more on reinventions or recreations, looking for the weak points of an already existing design and rectifying that, making it better.The mp3 player has already existed when Apple created the iPod; it just came up with a better version of an mp3 player. Tablets have already been in existence when Apple came out with its own version, the iPad. Similarly, the smartphone is not an Apple creation. It’s just that Apple successfully revolutionized the concept of a smartphone when it launched its iPhone.This only goes to show that the design team of Apple is working tirelessly to come up with a design that will make things better and easier for users. Certainly, this level of commitment is part of the reason why the company commands such fervor loyalty from Apple users.Much of the credit for the Apple design goes to the Apple Industrial Design Group, the company’s industrial design arm. If you are wondering who thinks up all those details about the appearance and the overall look and feel of Apple products, they are the ones responsible for it. They are also the team in charge with the design of Apple products’ user interfaces, packaging and even major architectural projects. The y are basically in charge of anything involving designing. Their efforts and ingenuity have been repeatedly recognized and, in 2012, they were even named as the Best Design Studio in the past 50 years by DAD, a global association of creative, design and advertising communities.It was originally formed by Steve Jobs but is now currently headed by Chief Design Officer Jonathan Ive, who has done so since 1996. It is reportedly a small group, with the core team composed of only around 20 designers. No doubt, at this very minute, these creative geniuses are hard at work, conceptualizing and designing the next Apple product to hit the stores in the near future.

A Look Into Psychoanalysis Essay - 1469 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Psychoanalysis had its beginning with the discovery that a person in complete physical health could experience an illness with physical symptoms that stemmed from things trapped in the subconscious known as hysteria. Charcot, a French neurologist tried to liberate the mind through hypnosis. A Viennese physician, Josef Breuer, carried this purging further with a process based on his patient, Anna O., revealing her thoughts and feelings to him. Sigmund Freud took Breuer’s method and made generalizations that grew into conceptualizations and eventually into the theories of psychoanalysis. Freud would listen to his patients, and then use these thoughts to interpret what was happening in the unconscious part of†¦show more content†¦Simply put one may be bashful or impotent or aggressive to the extreme of being a sex murderer. To carry his study further, Freud considered the sexuality of an individual. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through this particular study, Freud contends that one must go back to birth, which is the manifestation of an individual’s sexuality. The oral phase is where life begins and that is why babies explore everything with their mouth, the center of all sensations. The following phase is the anal or sadistic-anal phase where excretory functions are the center of everything. Pleasures are experienced in the anus during bowel movements. Finally these erotically tinged pleasures are experienced when the sexual organ is manipulated. Thus psychosexual development progresses from the oral through the anal to the phallic (in psychoanalytic theory phallic refers to both male and female sexual organs) stage. During the height of the phallic phase, about the ages of three to six, these libidinous forces focus on the parent of the opposite sex and lend an erotic cast to the relationship between parent and child (son/mother or daughter/father). This focus is known as t he Oedipus phase for boys and the Electra phase for girls. The phallic phase is followed by a period of latency where sexual drives lay dormant until puberty when they are reawakened and individuals become more aware of the sexual roles they will play as an adult.Show MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Psychoanalysis788 Words   |  3 PagesSolving this dilemma is based on clarifying the notion of normal and pathological, both socially and individually. 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Freud would be using psychoanalysis, talk-therapy, or the talking cure, to gain her trust and get her to talk in-depthRead MoreThe Rabbit Cage Analysis1271 Words   |  6 PagesPsychoanalysis in â€Å"The Rabbit Cage† In prior years, psychology has been placed into everyday life; there are just a few of important psychologist’s names to remember: Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung, all with comparable theories. Sigmund Freud was skilled as a psychiatrist in the late 19th century. He usually examined and studied on neurotic middle-aged females. These examinations and studies later escorted Sigmund to propose a theory on the development of personality. Freud presentedRead MoreSigmund Freuds Theory Of Psychoanalysis1636 Words   |  7 Pages This passage from â€Å"Psycho-analysis,† Sigmund Freud’s essay detailing the origins, methods, and applications of his theory of psychoanalysis, reveals the utility of his approach in understanding what lies beneath the surface through the interpretation of dreams, which later psychoanalytic critics related to the interpretation of literature. Freud’s description of his psychoanalytic theory considers it an approach to unlo cking knowledge that is impossible to discover through prior methods of psychologyRead MoreHow Existentialism and Psychoanalysis Influenced Frankl807 Words   |  4 PagesBefore an in-depth look at how existentialism and psychoanalysis influenced Frankl, let take a look at what each of these theories mean. Existentialism became identified with a cultural movement that blossomed in Europe during the forties and fifties; this term adopted by Jean-Paul Sartre as a self-description in Sartre and his associates postwar literary and philosophical writings. â€Å"By the mid 1970s the cultural image of existentialism had become a clichà ©, parodized in countless books and filmsRead MoreEssay about A Dangerous Method989 Words   |  4 Pages(Institutional Affiliation) (Date) This paper looks at the movie; A Dangerous Method directed by David Cronenberge is based on true life events that happened on the eve of the World War 1. This movie brings out the theories, techniques, and the central characters in the early history of psychoanalysis. It brings out the effectiveness of psychoanalysis method and shows the risks and dangers encountered when entering the unconscious mind. This movie takes a look at these through the life of Carl Jung whoRead MoreSociological Perspective On Psychology : Psychodynamic Psychology1067 Words   |  5 Pagessociety closer to unlocking the mind.†(Introduction to Psychology, 2nd Edition, Chapter 1, page 9). The psychodynamic approach includes all theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). He is the founding father of the psychodynamic approach and in psychoanalysis therapy in psychology. Freud was a trained neurologist, medical doctor, physiologist and psychologist. His theories included concepts of the unconscious mind, interpretation of dreams, sexuality and repression. In his first theory he thought thatRead MorePsychoanalysis of the Joker941 Words   |  4 PagesFreud’s method of Psychoanalysis to better understand why The Joker is the way he is. What is psychoanalysis? Psychoanalysis is a form of treatment invented by Sigmund Freud that usually focuses on the early years of the patient’s life and his/her relationship with immediate family members. A wise man once said, â€Å"There are four questions that every good student of psychology will ask about a personality theory. The first question regards the structure of the theory (Psychoanalysis of The Joker).FreudRead MoreThe Dynamics Of Gender Formation1034 Words   |  5 Pagesthe socialization model, states that psychoanalysis provides a moderately better clarification for the contradictory character of human development and offers a solution that people should actively learn through the dynamic character of gender formation. According to Connell, therefore, the definition of how we acquire gender should not be represented by the socialization model of gender but rather through the emotional contradiction as a part of psychoanalysis and, more importantly, thoroug h theRead MoreFirst Up Is Psychoanalysis And A Good Definition To Give1354 Words   |  6 Pagesup is psychoanalysis and a good definition to give is that this therapy deals with past unconscious mental patterns that came from childhood. This therapy was developed by Sigmund Freud and he was known for being very interested in the unconscious. Furthermore on the treatment type, it focuses on deep-rooted that most softened stemmed from childhood. By doing this therapy it lets the clients learn how to bring by repressed memories or experiences that could be casing distress. Let us look at key

The Federalist Papers By Alexander Hamilton, James...

But the Federalists would not easily forfeit. They argued that the Constitution didn’t require a Bill of Rights. The Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, summed up the thoughts of many Federalists. In Federalist Paper No. 84 Publius, a pseudonym under which they wrote, addressed Antifederalist worries, â€Å"Bills of rights†¦ are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous.† Publius argued that because the Constitution was â€Å"founded upon the power of the people† the people surrendered nothing, and retained all rights not explicitly given to the federal government. Alexander Hamilton summed up this perfectly when he asked, â€Å"Why, for instance, should it be said that the liberty of the press shall not be restrained, when no power is given [to Congress] by which restrictions may be imposed? Many federalists shared this view, arguing that a bill of rights would actually infri nge upon individual liberties, because such bill could not possibly cover every right the people were entitled to. Madison shared this view, adding that a bill of rights is a â€Å"parchment barrier† and that the best way to protect individual and state liberties was to separate the powers among three branches of government. He opposed a bill of rights in the constitutional convention of 1787, in many of his contributions to the Federalist Papers, and at the Richmond convention. It wasn’t until late 1788 that Madison actually endorsed aShow MoreRelatedThe Federalist Papers : Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1094 Words   |  5 Pagesauthors of The Federalist Papers are Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. The book is edited by Clinton Rossiter, and has introduction and notes by Charles R. Kesler. Alexander Hamilton was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, along with being the first secretary of the treasure of the United States. Hamilton was a man of many things: a Government official, author, military leader, economist, lawyer, and political scientist in his short lifetime. As ambitious a man Hamilton was, he obtainedRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, And John Jay1974 Words   |  8 PagesThe Federalist Papers written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay are one of the greatest collections of literature from the time period of 1787 to 1788 when the Constitution was being ratified by the states. This collection of eighty-five essays was written for the states, to help them better understand and grasp a concept of why they should vote for the ratification of The Constitution. Why did the Madison, Hamilton, and Jay write The Federalist Papers and what is there underlyingRead MoreThe Federalist Papers, By Alexander Hamilt on, James Madison, And John Jay1715 Words   |  7 PagesThe Federalist Papers, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, can be argued to be one of the most quintessential contributions to United States history. The series of eighty-five essays was published in 1788 to increase support for the ratification of the Constitution. The Federalist Papers were written to suppress Americans’ apprehensions regarding the creation of a stronger national government. Unlike the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution was fixated on how the newRead MoreThe Federalist Papers, By Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1357 Words   |  6 Pages The Federalist Papers were a series of eighty-five articles in 1787-88 written mostly in part to persuade the colonies to ratify the United States Constitution. The papers were written anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym â€Å"Publius† and addressed major concerns t hat the colonists expressed about the Constitution. One of their major concerns was the proposed bicameral legislature’s ability to cooperate. The Constitution established a two-part CongressRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By James Madison, Alexander Hamilton And John Jay1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Federalist papers are a group of eighty-five essays written collectively by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. The papers were written as an attempt to advocate and further the progress of the ratification of the United States Constitution. Federalist Number Ten is the first essay of the series written by James Madison. In this essay, Madison is attempting to convey the dangers of factions or political divisions within a governing body. 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In The Fourth Federalist Paper John Jay explains that the U.S should be unified under a central government rather than function as multiple independentRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By John Jay1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Federalist Papers Essay The Federalist Papers written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison were wrote to convince the people of the states that the newly written constitution would be a vastly better system of government than the articles of confederation, and that the states should ratify it. The purpose of Federalist Paper No. 51 is to inform the reader of safeties created by the constitutional convention to maintain separate branches of government, and to protect theRead MoreHamilton Madisons Role in the First American Political Parties778 Words   |  4 PagesThe role Alexander Hamilton and James Madison played on the first political parties. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison were both very important political figures in the early years of our nation and their paths led them to two different political factions, The Federalist Party and the Democratic Republican Party, respectively. The years after the American Revolution were very hard on most Americans. The former colonies had huge debts to pay off from the war and the soldiers of the ContinentalRead MoreFederalist Paper No. 51, by James Madison561 Words   |  3 Pagesgovernment to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself,† are words written by James Madison in The Federalist Papers No. 51. The Federalist Paper No. 51 is one of several documents that compose the Federalist Papers, a series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton promoting the ratification of the Constitution. In this particular paper, several principles are used as arguments for ratification. Specifically, a main argument discussed is theRead MoreFederalist Papers : The Federalist Paper1617 Words   |  7 PagesPeriod 1 10/27/15 The Federalist Papers The Federalist Papers Ten and Fifty-One were the ideal papers written by Madison to support th ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬e ratification of the Constitution. Out of all the federalist papers, these are two of the most important federalist papers. So what were the federalist papers? They were 85 essays written by three gentlemen: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay that explained particular provisions of the Constitution in detail. Alexander Hamilton goes on to be the first

Cell Phone Hazards Free Essays

One of the most popular innovations in automotive travel in the past decade has nothing to do with the automobile itself, the people who drive them, or the roads over which they operate. Rather, it is the ability to carry on telephone conversations while driving. In today’s society, our technology is more advanced than ever before. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Phone Hazards or any similar topic only for you Order Now Text messaging, like most modern technological devices, has its benefits and drawbacks. One of the most dangerous drawbacks is when people combine text messaging with driving in an automobile. In our society, we’ve all become attached to our cell phones. Cell phones make our lives easier in many ways. For instance, we can check our email, receive phone calls, send text messages, listen to music, and take pictures, all at our fingertips. With this convenience comes a dangerous side to cell phones, and that is when we use them while driving. From the business standpoint, the cell phone may be used to conduct meetings, trade with other businesses, or to exchange vital information. Today’s American culture relies heavily on the use of cell phones. The recent growth of cellular telephone usage is a phenomenon that defies all gender, racial, and age boundaries. Cell phones are more than just the latest electronic gadgets on the market, and in turn may pose hazardous driving conditions when used at inappropriate times. There is danger involved for people who use their cell phones while driving and it is a problem that must be addressed. Over the last few years, many tests have been run to gather statistics and hard evidence on the dangers of talking on a cell phone while driving. One of the major causes of automobile collisions is due to the driver being distracted by something. When someone is really busy or has multiple things to do when behind the wheel, they tend to multi task. They drink coffee, eat, put on make up, text, or talk on their phones while driving. These people are classified as distracted drivers. When driving, it is imperative to be able to look, process information, and react quickly in order to drive safely. According to an article published by the Jackson Advocate, â€Å"talking on a cell phone while driving can make a young drivers reaction time as slow as that of a 70- year old† (Thomas, 22). Young people often complain about older drivers and call them a hazard. Taking into consideration that their cell phone habits makes them equally dangerous, they are being rather hypocritical. Using cell phones distracts drivers, and people have been known to miss turns, run red lights, and even drive off the road when distracted by the text message conversations. For example drivers on the highway that text-message and drive often swerve around the lanes unintentionally. Those who do it on public roads potentially increasing their odds of running traffic lights and signs which leads to jeopardizing others lives. When drivers multi -ask, their attention is being switched between speaking, listening and seeing what is on the road ahead of them. There is substantial evidence that one’s brain cannot process all this information at one time, and pay attention to driving at the same rate that undistracted driver would. A study done by Medical News Today journal, last updated on March 6, 2008, stated that â€Å"there is a 37% decrease in activity in the part of the brain we use to process information and visual signals, which is essential for driving† (Paddock). When using our phones while driving, we become distracted and thus our brains cannot process all the information being accepted at the same time. Drivers are increasing their chances of being in a car accident and placing others lives in danger when talking or sending text-messages while driving. Many of us would agree that using a phone while driving is not worth the risk of ending an innocent life. Driving, while using your phone, is at least as dangerous as drinking and driving. There is a possibility of running someone over or crashing into another vehicle. According to a study by the New England Journal of Medicine, â€Å"at least 1.6 million traffic accidents, which is 28% of all crashes in the United States, are caused by drivers talking or sending messages on their cell phones† (Ship, 22). Putting another’s life at risk is not worth that phone call or replying to that text-message; it can and should wait. Moreover, the cell phone has evolved into an essential tool in everyday life and there are some advantages affiliated with using it. One advantage of having cell phones is that you have access to assistance in emergency situations. For instance, if your car gets stalled on the side of the road, you can use your cell phone to obtain help. But sometimes, with cell phones in many peoples’ hands, we essentially feel as if big brother is watching. If we, as drivers, do anything wrong, someone is going to use their cell phone to call the police. But this should actually be an encouragement for us. With cell phones available at hand, it is definitely a relief to be able to immediately report something that seems unusual or may cause a threat to society or to us. It is important to note that the majority of people who use their cell phones while driving are actually business owners. They use their phones to conduct trade between other businesses, to communicate between employees and other co-workers, and to receive significant information regarding their business everyday. However, according to Wired. com, new findings show that â€Å"having important conversations while driving is not good for the health of a business. It is actually harder to remember information transmitted when driving† (Bower). Even though people are busy and claim to need the time in their car to work, talking on a cell phone while driving is dangerous and ought to be banned. Talking on a cell phone, even when using a hands free device, distracts the driver and makes them a hazard to themselves and others on the road. Some claim that government should not be able to legislate against peoples freedom as United States Citizens should be afforded the right to use cell phones where and when they wish. Although people’s freedoms and rights are important, and are protected under the United States Constitution, people’s individual rights should not outweigh the need for the government to regulate a safe environment. Instead they should regulate when and where cell phones may be permitted. The cell phone has brought with it many conveniences and luxuries. It has definitely made communication much easier. However, when it comes to road safety, the cell phone may be considered a hazard. This is especially true after Short Message Service (text- messaging) was introduced. Unfortunately, the service is so convenient that some people even compose and send text messages anytime and anywhere – while walking, eating, and even while driving. The growing number of accidents caused while texting and driving has made driving conditions dangerous to other drivers out on the road. Driving is an activity that requires full concentration and composing, reading, and sending text messages will compromise a driver’s concentration. According to the American Health Association, â€Å"in 2008, approximately 1 in 6 fatal vehicle collisions were caused from a driver being distracted while driving† (Wilson ). When a driver is using their phone while driving, their minds are focused on the message they are reading or composing, rather than on paying close attention to the street. This, of course, prevents the driver from thinking quickly and compromises their reflexes. Chances are, drivers will not be able to react quickly to a situation on the road because their brains cannot handle processing all different types of information sufficiently at one time. The government should pass laws in every state not just in selected ones that ban the use of cell phones while driving to prevent fatal collisions. Cell phones are a life-threatening means of communication while driving. Despite the urgency of any text message, the dangers of texting while driving should be more than enough reason to put off texting. How to cite Cell Phone Hazards, Essay examples

Reviews Essay Example

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How to Develop Photographic Memory

How to Develop Photographic Memory Struggling to remember that phone number? Having troubles memorizing the dates for the History exam? Seeking for a magic way to imprint the information on your brain quickly and efficiently? Sadly, we dont do magic. Luckily, there are some ways to help drastically improve your memory. Before we get down to business, lets dot all the is and cross all the ts. Though used interchangeably, the terms â€Å"photographic memory† and â€Å"eidetic memory† dont mean the same thing. Eidetic memory is the ability to remember visual images for a long time after seeing them shortly. Photographic memory is a skill, that allows one to memorize impressive amounts of information (text, numbers etc) almost immediately after seeing them. Its considered to be a popular misconception and a product of junk science. If the controversy hasnt changed your intention to improve your memory and get closer to a true â€Å"braniac† status, prepare to do some work and appreciate the results. With a bit of patience and practice youll definitely become the memory master. Method of Loci This technique requires a bit of effort and a lot of imagination. Basically, its a mnemonic device, strongly connected with spatial memory. There are several stages to it and well walk you through each one. Construct Your Memory Palace Our brain remember visual images much better than soulless text or numbers. Thats why building associations facilitates memorizing process. Memory palace is where youll store the images. It doesnt have to be fancy a all. The only requirement is that you know it and can easily find your way around. The house youve grown up in will fit perfectly. Once the place is chosen, move to the next step. Paint the Pictures Lets go with the basics here: say, you need to memorize the list of groceries, which contains milk, avocados, soap and corn flakes. Take the three items and go a little crazy. Imagine avocado, swimming in the canoe down the milk river, floating down the stairs of your house. Then, it takes a machine-gun, and starts shooting with cornflakes. They hit your Moms favorite vase, it breaks into pieces, releasing soap foam all over the place. There you have it: avocado, milk, soap and corn flakes! We remember catchy images much better. The images you create may be ridiculous, scary, sexy, shocking – whatever works for you. Make sure to connect them with a certain location in your mind palace, use the vivid colors and prepare to be surprised with how much you actually can remember. Take a Tour Now, take a stroll around the palace. Use the mental â€Å"anchors† youve left around it and think of an element of your picture. After that you brain will conjure up the whole image, helping you recall the constituents. Thats how you use the loci method. Unleash your creativity and have fun with it. Mind Mapping Mind Mapping is a powerful memorizing technique, effective particularly for non-linear thinkers. It involves drawing a scheme, with the key concept in the center with all the others surrounding it. The notions are organized into branches, which leads first to the important sub-concept and then, inevitably, to the central one. A well-organized mind-map is far more efficient than hours of repetition as it makes you think and build connections in your own way. Go Sober Yeah, this one is a bit sad. Alcohol deteriorates your learning abilities and memory. If you do want to facilitate the memorizing process to the greatest extent, go really light on booze (if youre not ready to give it up entirely). The wisest choice concerning the beverage is red wine: its full of antioxidants and flavanols that help prevent Alzheimers disease and make your memory function better. Military Technique Ready to go tough? This technique has been used to train the intelligence for several decades already. To try it youll need: a room (preferably with no windows), a lamp (with a switch that is easy to reach), a book with the information you need to memorize, a sheet of paper and 15 minutes per day at least during a month. Got it all? Moving to the method then. First, choose the paragraph you need to memorize. Then, take the paper and cut out a part of it that will cover all the page of the book except for the needed paragraph. Place the paper onto the page and turn off the lights. When your eyes adjust to the darkness completely, turn on the light for a couple of seconds. The moment should be enough to see the paragraph in full concentration. Then turn off the light and repeat. The whole procedure may sound weird at first, yet soon youll get used to it and remember the text of the paragraph much quicker. Eat Right A good diet is everything. To literally nourish your brain, make sure you include enough products, containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, potassium, Vitamins E and K. These elements will keep your brain alert, prevent Alzheimers and dementia, boost your mood and ability to focus. Add sufficient amounts of broccoli, nuts, seeds, oily fish and whole grains to your food and get healthier with every meal. Heres a student grocery list which contain everything you need for a healthy diet. Get Pumped Up Exercising has tons of benefits. Apart from toning your body and increasing general fitness, it helps you be more focused, make better decisions and remember information for a long time. While exercising, you accelerate the blood flow, making it bring more oxygen to the brain cells. In addition to that, the post-workout boost of endorphins will make you feel good about yourself, motivate you to work harder and practice all the techniques weve mentioned above. Well, thats pretty much it. Dont give up and quite soon youll become a real memorization monster!

How to write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird

How to write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Analytical Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Why write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird How to start an analytical essay: Tips on how to start Outline example Tips on how to write a thesis statement How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and a thesis How to write body paragraphs: Tips on body writing How to finish an analytical essay: Tips on conclusion writing Analytical essay revision Analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird (Sample) Why write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Students undertaking literature courses often analyze various kinds of literature as part of their coursework. An analytical essay requires students to review and critically analyze a written work. The story To Kill a Mockingbird is an example of several kinds of literature that depicts how discrimination affected many families living in the southern parts of the US during the 1930s. The story highlights how different characters undergo significant changes despite living in an environment where discrimination was widely practiced. Harper Lee book, To Kill A Mockingbird, presents the theme of courage using a small family living in Maycomb county to depict courage in their fight against racial discrimination. How to start an analytical essay: Tips on how to start Analytical essays help the target audience understand the overall composition of the story by scrutinizing the literature including the characters. An analytical essay is divided into different sections to provide evidence about the authors perspective based on his understanding of the text. A good analytical essay needs to capture the audience interest; the author should use startling statements. Some background information related to the theme should be presented to help the audience understand the authors area of focus. A good analytical essay presents a critical review, including artistic styles used by the author to present the theme. It is important to identify which section of the book is to be analyzed and also the significance of the theme according to the original author. Outline example of analytical essay INTRODUCTION Explain the significance of the book A brief background of the theme and how the background connects to the theme BODY PARAGRAPHS Describe the specific elements used by the author to advance his theme in the story Present examples to justify the authors’ choice of element Describe the role of the main characters and how the characters enhances the plot Describe the authors strengths and weaknesses CONCLUSION Review the book and justify the significance of the book Some of the lessons learned from the story How to write a thesis for an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird The thesis statement states the main ideas of an essay. A thesis statement is what the author wants to justify. For example, a good thesis statement for an analytical essay about To Kill A Mockingbird, with the central idea of courage, the thesis statement can be as follows: Courage is evident throughout the story; for example, Atticus constant fight against racism and Mrs. Dubose overcoming her addiction to morphine demonstrates courage amidst fear. How to write an introduction A good introduction needs to inform the audience what to expect in the following paragraphs. The first sentence of an essay should be clear and precise. The reader should be able to understand what the author intends to discuss by reading the introduction. Tips on how to write an introduction and a thesis The introduction needs to include the original authors name and the main theme; the introduction needs to convey the writers position concerning the original authors ideas. The introduction should indicate the main ideas to be discussed by presenting a thesis statement. An eye-catching introduction will attract the readers attention; therefore, the first few sentences of the introduction should be clear and precise. An analytical essay structure should contain the authors perspective on the subject, the purpose and the target audience as part of the introduction. How to write body paragraphs: Tips on body writing The body paragraphs should expand on the essay introduction by supporting the thesis statement. The body paragraphs have to present evidence to prove the claim by using specific text examples in order to justify the authors position. A five-paragraph analytical essay should contain three major parts, the introduction, essay body and the conclusion. The body paragraphs should contain at least three paragraphs to explain the main essay idea. The body paragraphs should also present a detailed explanation of the authors claims, including the strategies used. When analyzing literature, the author should discuss each chapter or analyze specific sections to present his claims. It is important to describe the rhetorical strategies used and explain if they are effective or not. The analysis needs to provide examples to support the authors position. How to finish an analytical essay: Tips on conclusion writing The conclusion is the last part of an essay that sums up all the argument to remind the reader of the main purpose of the essay. Conclusion means reminding the reader of the discussion. Therefore, the conclusions should contain brief sentences as a summary of what has been discussed. A good conclusion outlines the main issues discussed and linking the discussion to prove the claims made in the thesis statement. A good conclusion needs to connect the main idea with a broader argument or compare the argument using a broader perspective. When concluding an essay, the main focus should be on the discussion presented in the introduction and the essay body. The author should not present any new ideas when concluding. The author needs to discuss his position after the analysis and the implications of his findings. Analytical essay revision After completing the essay draft, it is important to review the essay to make it look professional. The essay needs to be free from any grammatical errors. Revision means checking for proper use of pronouns, subject agreement, proper sentence structure, and punctuations. Ensure that the language is simple; avoid unnecessary words that might confuse the reader. Analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird (Sample) Harper Lees story To Kill A Mockingbird presents a realistic story dating back to 1930s that resonate today. The most important theme of the story is about courage. To Kill A Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee, talks about a small town in the southern part of the 1930s, focusing on Maycomb county where the struggles of life are evident. Some of the notable characters like Atticus Finch, Jem and Scout present how discrimination affected many people living in the south. Harper explores the moral nature of humans, especially the struggle between discrimination and tolerance. Courage is evident throughout the story; for example, Atticus constant fight against racism and Mrs. Dubose overcoming her addiction to morphine demonstrates courage. The novel reveals not only prejudice but also examines the nature of prejudice and its consequences. The story setting and the period in which the story was written convey the struggles of many characters to fight racial discrimination. This involves the persecution of innocent people, especially during Tom Robinsons trial. Courage is evident in several parts of the book, for instance, the children Jem and Scout stands up to face their fears. Jems and Scouts bravery is noticeable in one of the scenes where they follow Atticus Finch in court during the rape trials to witness how he defends Tom Robinson. Scout displays heroism when addressing Walter Cunningham without fearing any repercussions of his actions. To Kill A Mockingbird proves how several characters had hope and courage amid rampant discrimination; they overcome fear to defend their position in the society. The novel shows the reader how courage can impact on others.

Secondary Data Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Secondary Data - Assignment Example h this comprises the integrity of the data to some extent since it is not gathered directly from the source (Christensen, Johnson & Turner, 2010); some studies require data that cannot be gathered directly or it can be unethical to expose participants directly to research conditions (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). Data that is gathered in such indirect ways is called secondary data; and when used appropriately, it can provide valuable information about the population (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). An example of a study using Secondary Data would be one that attempted to evaluate the changes in the manner and extent to which depression was reported over a decade at a campus clinic that caters to the students of a university. A study like this would want to study the number of cases reported; the symptoms described; and the treatment suggested and chosen as well as the number of cases that reported recovery and the time taken to achieve this recovery. The data required for this study is historical data that is available from the case files available at the clinic. The participants in this study would be the persons who were diagnosed with Depression; and it would be unethical to remind them of their illness – particularly since it can raise painful memories especially for participants who had to struggle with the illness for a long time (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). Also, participants who were diagnosed many years back may not remember the symptoms well; or the details of the treatment they took, and may not be able to provide details. These details can be taken from the case files; and will provide a more accurate representation; although using the case files limits the scope of the research to the details available (Christensen, Johnson & Turner, 2010). If the participant provided inaccurate information, this cannot be evaluated; nor can it provide information about people who did not approach the clinic but were depressed nevertheless.

Managing Organisational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managing Organisational Change - Essay Example Recent advancements in technology and globalization have rendered the business environment full of changes. For instance, the emergence of mobile adaptability and social media has resulted in an increase in the need for change. Paying attention to detail has raised the stakes for failed business efforts pilling pressure on the struggling executives. With this so much change going on in the business environment, firm need to learn how to adapt to these changes. Organizational changes ensure that changes are smoothly and successfully implemented in order to attain long-lasting benefits. Change occurs due to the pressure of both external and internal forces in the firm. The paper will discuss technology advancements and change of managerial personnel as external and internal forces of change in an organization respectively. The paper will go ahead and relate how these pressures have impacted on Group Danone. Technological advancements have a secondary influence of increasing the availability and accountability of change. Therefore, to remain and survive in the business environment, the management needs to be alert to any changing forces and make a response by initiating changes within the organization. Palmer, Dunford and Akin, (2009:358) argue that the images for managing change include the director, navigator, caretaker, coach, interpreter, and nurturer. For instance, during the course of change, the director is tasked with the responsibility of designing the process of change and directing people to adhere in that the change is attained as planned. The navigator designs the change process in order to best fit the conditions experienced. The caretaker role is attained are attained due to environmental factors. The coach is tasked assisting the members of the organization to develop within themselves the abilities prerequisite for success. For a change to be effective, the organizations need to ensure that the employees are in support of

Jilting in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Katherine Anne Porte

Jilting in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" and Katherine Anne Porter's "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall" Webster’s dictionary defines the word â€Å"jilt† as the act of rejecting a lover. So to be deserted by another, left at the altar, or unwanted by another, is to be jilted. In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and in â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall† by Katherine Anne Porter, Emily and Granny Weatherall throughout the course of their lives experience jilting several times. In turn, this rejection places a significant emphasis on both of their lives. After Emily’s father passes away in â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Emily’s sweetheart rejects her. The only man that her father must have approved of ran out on her, leaving her all alone. It must have been unbearable for Emily, to loose the two most important people in her life within such a short time of each other. Emily’s father, Mr. Grierson sent away all of the young men who had come to court her. They were not â€Å"quite good enough† for his little girl. He shut her off from society by standing in the front door â€Å"clutching a horsewhip.† He did not allow Emily to go into town to see how people lived their life. Nor did he allow her to meet people and make friends. Instead, Emily’s father kept her in the house and isolated her from society. This isolation caused Emily to become resistant to change. With no one to turn to in her time of need, Emily was forced into a period of isolation. Because her father had isolated her for the first thirty years of her life, being secluded from the community was all she knew. The narrator (the town) points out, â€Å"After her father’s death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all.† By iso... ...gain no bridegroom and the priest in the house. She could not remember any other sorrow because this grief wiped them all away. Oh, no there’s nothing more cruel than this ¾I’ll never forgive it. She stretched herself with a deep breath and blew out the light.† This second jilting at death makes the first jilting by George more moving and intensely powerful. The light, which she blows out, represents her life and she descends into the blackness of death, jilted again. Being rejected by a lover can have a major impact on one’s life as it did for Emily, in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and as it did for Granny, in â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall.† One must find it in their heart to forgive and forget and move on with their life. The jilting of Emily and Granny Weatherall shows how time changes and how it must be embraced, for better or for worse, because the past is no more.

Architect Peter Behrens

The purpose of this analysis is to identify, define, and explain. It is a three part analysis that also has an Introduction and a Conclusion. The first section discusses the â€Å"Historical Background of the Architect†, Peter Behrens. Behrens was born in Germany where he made a significant contribution to the industry field. He brought the styles of Expressionistic, Industrial Classicism, Jugendstil, and International Modern Style to his masterpieces. In fact, these styles are explained in section two which is the â€Å"Critical Analysis†.Behrens’ buildings, Behrens House, A. E. G. High Tension Factory, I. G. Farben Offices, and New Ways are assigned particular styles based upon the way they were designed and the year in which they were built. The final section is the â€Å"Building Analysis†. Additional details are given for the Behrens House. These details are in terms of technicality, criticism, and building for the times. Based upon the findings of th is information, a Conclusion is drawn. Historical Background of the Architect Peter Behrens was originally from Hamburg, Germany. He was born in 1868.Behrens first profession was as a painter. However, graphic and applied arts appealed to Behrens more. Thus, he re-channeled his energy to those areas and steered away from painting. In 1899, an invitation to attend the Artists’ Colony in Darmstadt enabled Behrens to establish a leadership role there. Yet, he would not stay put for long. Behrens next venture was in Dusseldorf where he was employed as the Director of the Kunstgewerkeschule. It was an interim position that sparked Behrens’s interest in adding a unique geometric abstraction to his work (â€Å"Peter Behrens?† 2007). The 1890s was the time period when Behrens was located in Munich where he was employed as a painter and graphic artist. It is also when Behrens gained membership into the Jugendstil movement. However, it was not until 1893 that Behrens beca me one of the co-founders of the Munich Secession. Additionally, â€Å"He produced woodcuts, colored (sic) illustrations, designs for book bindings and crafts objects entirely shaped by the Jugendstil formal language† (â€Å"Biography: Peter Behrens† n.d. ). Artists and architects such as Augst Endell, Bernhard Pankok, Bruno Paul, Hermann Obrist, and Richard Vereinigte united forces with Behrens in 1897 to find â€Å"†¦the Vereinigth Werkstatten fur Kunst und Handwerk in Munich to produce handmade utilitarian objects† (â€Å"Biography: Peter Behrens† n. d. ). These contributions to society were just as the word utilitarian means: functional, practical, and down-to-earth. Consequently, Behrens displayed humbleness in his work as well.This side may also have been evident when Behrens joined forces in 1898 to design â€Å"Pan†, a Berlin journal as well as when he fashioned the first of his furniture designs (â€Å"Biography: Peter Behrens† n. d. ). At the same time that Behrens was creating unique architecture that stirred up a lot of talk and criticism, he was knee-deep in leadership roles. For example, â€Å"In 1899 Peter Behrens was appointed by Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse-Darmstadt to the Mathildenhohe artists’ colony the Grand Duke had just established in Darmstadt† (â€Å"Biography: Peter Behrens† n. d. ).Naturally, having a position of such this caliber bestowed upon him by such a high prestige, this meant that Peter Behrens had earned respect, in addition to this honor, in the eyes of the Grand Duke. This could have been the reason why Behrens felt it time to build his own home. â€Å"Designed as a total work of art, â€Å"Haus Behrens† caused quite a stir; Behrens himself designed the architecture and the interior with all its appointments and furnishings down to the last detail† (â€Å"Biography: Peter Behrens† n. d. ). Accordingly, Behrens was able to implemen t the Expressionistic style into his home.Perhaps this inner-creativeness is what caused the AEG to become interested in Behrens. The time between 1907 and 1914 led Behrens’ life to Berlin where he became an artistic advisor to the AEG. It was during this period in his professional career that Behrens became known as the person who â€Å"†¦created the world’s first corporate image† (â€Å"Peter Behrens? † 2007, par. 2). Remarkably, Behrens’ work with the AEG was when he displayed a keen interest for designing architectural pieces that utilized the form and material found in the industry field.Moreover, Behrens’ work helped pave a path for others to follow. Therefore, he â€Å"†¦can be considered a key figure in the transition from Jugendstil to Industrial Classicism. ’ ‘He [indeed] played a central role in the evolution of German Modernism’† (â€Å"Peter Behrens? † 2007, par. 3). During the time fr ame between 1922 and 1936, Behrens was headmaster to the Vienna Akademie der Bildenden Kunste which is an architecture department where he also taught (â€Å"Biography: Peter Behrens† n. d. ). As a result, Behrens was able to play a significant part in the way Germans (and people, in general) perceive architecture.Furthermore, Behrens â€Å"†¦designed china, glass objects and patterned imoleum flooring for various companies. ’ ‘One of his last commissions, in 1938, was to plan a new AEG headquarters in Berlin’† (â€Å"Biography: Peter Behrens† n. d. ). This was, of course, all accomplished before Peter â€Å"†¦died in Berlin in 1940† (â€Å"Peter Behrens? † 2007, par. 4). Fortunately, Behrens was able to put many of his ideas into his architecture. In addition, he was able to demonstrate a high level of skill and technicality in his work. Critical Analysis One of Behrens’ first works was the Behrens House.It was designed in 1901 and is located in Darmstadt, Germany. The house is known for its fine dining rooms and music appeal. Its outline is one of the normal formats â€Å"†¦for a small burgeois house†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Behrens House† 2007, par. 1). However, â€Å"†¦its internal and external expression was unusual, particularly for its combination of features drawn from the English Arts and Crafts movement†¦with elements such as the high-pitched roof drawn from the German Vernacular† (â€Å"Behrens House† 2007, par. 1). In this sense, the word vernacular gives a strong indication that the German culture was evident in Behrens’ works.Vernacular is just another term for the word language. Thus, the Behrens House is characteristic of the Expressionistic style (explained later) as well as of Industrial Classicism which is basically an ideology in which human beings and machines can coexist. In this case, the word â€Å"machine† refers to bu ildings. Another of Behrens’ works is â€Å"A. E. G. High Tension Factory† (2007). The building was designed in 1910 and is located in Berlin, Germany. It is an industrial plant made of glass and iron. When Behrens created the building, he was able to incorporate a very unique and different look to it.â€Å"Behrens achieved a plastic effect and a dynamic form of construction of the trusses, which were pulled towards the outside, as well as through the tapering iron trusses and the glass areas which were drawn towards the inside† (â€Å"A. E. G. High Tension Factory† 2007, par. 1). This look aroused many other architects and caused them to criticize Behrens. In fact, â€Å"Luduig Hilberseimer wrote: ‘Peter Behrens is led astray by the imperialistic power consciousness of the prewar years and restrained by classical influences, and he thinks to add a facade to his turbine hall of the AEG at Moabit, an otherwise terse structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"A .E. G. High Tension Factory† 2007, par. 1). However, Behrens’ work really demonstrated Expressionistic, Jugendstil, and Industrial Classicism styles. Yet, it was also represented of the International Modern Style. Did knowing these things stop others from criticizing Behrens’ works? No. Another architect also had strong words to say about Behrens. In fact, â€Å"†¦Erich Mendelsohn criticized the building [A. E. G. High Tension Factory}; ‘He pastes over the expression of tension, which the hall creates, with the rigidity of a repeatedly broken temple tympanon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"A. E. G.High Tension Factory† 2007, par. 1). However, this meant the work was characteristic of the Expressionistic style. This style was â€Å"A movement in the arts during the early part of the 20th century that emphasized subjective expression of the artist’s inner expressions† (â€Å"Peter Behrens? † 2007). Of course, the expressionistic style o ccurred around the World War I era. Perhaps the strains of the war created a stir within the architects’ souls because Behrens was not the only artist to take up this style; other German architects did as well (â€Å"Peter Behrens? † 2007).Consequently, maybe that is why some architects saw the beauty in Behrens’ masterpiece. â€Å"Le Corbusier†¦admired the structure as being a charged center, which represents the integral architectonic creations of our time—rooms with admirable moderation and cleanness, with magnificent machines, which set solemn and impressive accents, as the center of attraction† (â€Å"A. E. G. High Tension Factory† 2007, par. 1). This means that Behrens’ architecture was both Jugendstil and Industrial Classicism. Jugendstil is a cross between Art Nouveau and other unique styles (â€Å"Jugendstil† 2007).Art Nouveau is defined as â€Å"†¦a new form, an original artistic and decorative movement ins pired by the idea of ‘total art’† (â€Å"Introduction to Art Nouveau† 2007, par. 4). Behrens also put Jugendstil and Industrial Classicism styles into his offices. The I. G. Farben Offices were designed between 1920 and 1925. In fact, these buildings are located in Frankfurt, Germany. Behrens used brick masonry as the construction system for these commercial offices. He followed the Dutch Expressionist Modern style as well.This type of architecture was symbolic of both â€Å"†¦the theatrical play of light†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as well as â€Å"†¦the systematic use of slanting rafters which serve to disrupt the overall rectilinearity† (â€Å"I. G. Farben Offices† 2007, par. 1). Consequently, this building was reminiscent of the Expressionistic style as well. Again, in this style the artist puts his heart into his work. One of Behrens’ later masterpieces was New Ways. â€Å"In 1926 Peter Behrens designed ‘New Ways’, a pri vate dwelling in Northampton, which is regarded as an early example of the International Modern style† (â€Å"Biography: Peter Behrens† n.d. ). Carpenter (n. d. ) indicated, â€Å"Need and demand inspires Art. ’ ‘International Modern Style buildings appeared in the early post war in the form of many large industrial sized buildings’† (par. 1). During the years following the war, hospitals were needed for the injured and other buildings were needed to house soldiers after they were released from the hospital and before they could go home. Of course, this is mandatory when dealing with any war. However, back in the 1900s when World War I was occurring, people were not familiar with so many injuries.Thus, architects that were able to design establishments that would benefit the war contributed greatly to their countries. In fact, the German language was present in Behrens’ Behrens House, as indicated in previous sections. Building Analysis The Behrens House is unique in nature. It was built to become Peter Behrens habitat, where he could display his ideas into his work in detail. Moreover, the house was where Behrens thought of some of his greatest ideas. In fact, it was discussed at the Wikipedia website that, â€Å"†¦Behrens built his own house and fully conceived everything inside the house (furniture, towels, paintings, pottery, etc. ).’ ‘The building of this house is considered to be the turning point in his life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Peter Behrens: Biography? † 2007). It was the time period when Behrens went to the Expressionistic style and re-directed many of the thoughts he put into his architecture from the Jugendstil style. During this period, Behrens also steered away from the Munich artistic circles for which he had grown acquainted. Behrens became temperate and rigorous in his style of designs (â€Å"Peter Behrens: Biography? † 2007). This was evident in the Behrens House. In fact, the construction system was made of brick and stucco facade, with a wood interior (â€Å"Behrens House† 2007).Thus, this gave the impression that Behrens had been serious when he built this home. It could have been the strain of involvement with so many different things or the toil that war can bring to even citizens of the war, whatever the case, Behrens House was amongst the first designs that took Peter Behrens in a totally different direction. This would be the Art Noueau style (â€Å"Behrens House† 2007). Of course, this style brings the total package of art designs to the home. So, what are the technicalities behind this design? Well, architecture itself is a technicality.Egan (1998) wrote, â€Å"In terms of architecture, before we decide how to build, we must decide what to build, and why† (par. 4). Peter Behrens decided that he wanted to construct a home and then he built Behrens House to be his home. At the same time, Behrens knew his safe-hav en would be the building ground for many of his ideas. This factor relates to Egan’s (1998) discussion in the fact that Egan said, â€Å"†¦the most challenging questions in architecture are not answered through laws of physics or engineering; they are questions of culture and psychology† (par. 4).Behrens became Expressionistic around the time of World War I. Since the details in his architecture were somber, one could say that Behrens had seen some horrors of the war that had found a place in his heart and came out in his designs. Even so, Behrens still portrayed the fact he was a German by having the German culture displayed in his work. This answers the question of culture. Psychology is answered by the fact that Behrens went from Jugendstil to an Expressionistic style of design. Do these attributes imply that technicalities existed in Behrens design? Yes. However, Egan (1998) mentioned,†¦the essence of architecture is not construction; instead it is the de sign of spaces for humans. It includes spaces for humans, for their activities, for their treasures, and for their aspirations. Architecture uses the physical world of construction to shape, order, structure, articulate, and embody our spaces and our beliefs. (par. 4) This statement, in itself, gives way to the fact that Industrial Classicism existed. Industrial Classicism was considered to be the style that connected man with machine. Thus, Behrens tied himself with his architecture by building his own home and then working out of it.What type of mentality did this suggest of Behrens? It could be noted that Behrens had a Cognitive pragmatics mentality. Tirassa (1999) pointed out, â€Å"Cognitive pragmatics is concerned with the mental process involved with intentional communication, that is, with the characteristics of the mind/brain that allow individuals belonging to the human (and possibly to other) species to intentionally communicate with each other† (1). If this is the case, then Behrens was able to communicate his thoughts and aspirations with the design of his home in 1901. Architecture does not rely on oral communication.Therefore, Behrens was able to effectively communicate his design style, which everyone did not approve of. In order to fully understand what this means, the assumptions behind cognitive pragmatics must be given. Tirassa (1999) wrote, â€Å"The first is that communication is best viewed as one form of social activity and that a theory of communication belongs therefore to the study of action and social action rather than of language or of the transmission of information. The second is that communication involves some form of active cooperation between participants. (1-2)In architecture, this may not be entirely true. For example, Behrens’ critics picked up on his rigid style by viewing his buildings and so did those who enjoyed Behrens’ work. Therefore, on social interaction had to take place for this to occur. Additinally, not everyone was in agreement that the Behrens House was one of the best pieces of architecture of that time. However, the design had people talking. Unfortunately, not all the communication was good—as criticism was evident amongst some of the discussions (discussed earlier). So, was Behrens House a building for the times?Yes and no. It is because Behrens designed the home to last. Not only that, Behrens House received a lot of talk and during a time when war rages, opening up some form of communication is better than keeping it all bottled in until it explodes on its own. The main reason is because when/if that tension explodes in a negative manner, no telling what type of additional problems it will cause. Behrens House was also a building of its time because it allowed Behrens to express himself in such a manner, that he helped others go on to achieve great things.This was evident due to the contributions of architectural teachings and creations of utilitaria n objects that Behrens brought to the world. On the other hand, Behrens design may not be the best building for all times. In the presence of war and ever-increasing technological advancements, Behrens House may not have been practical living quarters for a family on the move. In these times, houses can be built in a matter of days and those with a high degree of difficulty can be built in one week (as seen on ABC’s, Extreme Makeover: Home Edition). Yet, back in those days, houses could be quickly assembled as well.An article about snail-like homes surfaced around 1943. It indicated that buildings, called Ratio Structures had been created and the buildings were being tested in The Bronx. The article also pointed out that these buildings were, Built on small concrete piers†¦[and] is unique having its framework, like a snail’s, on the outside. The Structure is composed of two practically independent parts: 1) an arch-shaped roof made of insulated panels and supporte d by posts; 2) rooms, formed of demountable inner & outer panels (sic) which can be shuffled around at will under the roof.Thus the structure has no weight-carrying walls. (â€Å"Houses Like Snails† 1943). Consequently, these buildings were good for housing the injured and supporting the war. In fact, it was written that the â€Å"Large unites could be changed to meet the requirements of homes, hospitals, recreation centers, storage, schools, etc. † (â€Å"Houses Like Snails† 1943). These factors, alone, make Ratio Structures both durable and convenient for today’s times as well. Moreover, this statement is relative to current war issues. This is because the article also mentioned,Under (sic) wartime restrictions the panels are made of celotex and wallboard. But they could be made of any material. Having no weight-carrying walls, the Wiener-Sert system uses only 50% of the structural lumber and 80% of the metal permitted by WFB. (â€Å"Houses Like Snails † 1943) What do all these things suggest about Behrens and his art? More than meets the eye. Conclusion Peter Behrens was able to listen to his heart and design the desires therein. That speaks volumes of the man. Not too many architectures, let alone, people are willing to do something new.Many professionals and individuals, in general, are more concerned with what others might do, think, or say than they are with being different. Of course, World War I had a lot to do with the fact that Behrens changed the way he designed from the Jugendstil style to the Expressionistic style. Yet, what should be noted is that those were not the only two design styles of the architect. Behrens also created works that displayed the style of Industrial Classicism and International Modern Style as well. Therefore, Behrens House should be considered as groundwork to other masterpieces in his time.References â€Å"A. E. G. High Tension Factory. † Great Buildings. com. 2007. Kevin Matthews and Artifice, Inc. 17 May 2007 â€Å"Behrens House. † Great Buildings. com. 2007. Kevin Matthews and Artifice, Inc. 17 May 2007 â€Å"Biography: Peter Behrens. † n. d. 17 May 2007 â€Å"Jugendstil. † Senses Art Nouveau sprl. 2007. 17 May 2007 Carpenter, Steve.International Modern Style. n. d. 17 May 2007 Egan, Christopher K. Ideas in Architecture. 1998. Egan/Martinez Design. 18 May 2007 â€Å"I. G. Farben Offices. † Great Buildings. com. 2007. Kevin Matthews and Artifice, Inc. 17 May 2007 â€Å"Introduction to Art Nouveau. † Senses Art Nouveau sprl. 2007. 17 May 2007 â€Å"Peter Behrens?. † Answers. com. 2007. 17 May 2007 â€Å"Peter Behrens?. † Great Buildings. com. 2007. Kevin Matthews and Artifice, Inc. 17 May 2007 â€Å"Peter Behrens: Biography?. † Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 17 April 2007. Berne Convention. 18 May 2007 Tirassa, M. Communicative competence and the architecture of the mind/brain. 1999. Acade mic Press. 18 May 2007 â€Å"House of Snails. † Time, Inc. 24 May 1943. 18 May 2007

Race Theories And Its Consequences - 2547 Words

Race has evolved through the scientific endeavor to forward knowledge, from a categorisation of people based on geographic origin and physical traits, to a hierarchical concept that is used as a tool to racially vilify, discriminate and marginalize particular races. The term race was introduced in the 16th century and referred to a group category of people (Smedley, 1999). From then, the concept of race was scrutinized and redefined by the western world. America bought about the concept of ‘race’ present in modern day, however the intellectual framework that served as a guide was European (Brace, 2005). Understanding of the evolution of race theories and its consequences are crucial to analyse how contemporary Indigenous Peoples are†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the use of visual art to portray ideas is more connected to Indigenous cultures than imposed western political and academic settings. This essay will critically discuss the work of Carl Linnaeus, Joha nn Friedrich Blumenbach and Charles Darwin in defining race and its application to Indigenous Australians. Followed by, analysis of the works of contemporary artists, Richard Bell, Bindi Cole, Bronwyn Bancroft, Daniel Boyd, Michael Riley, Gordon Bennett and Lin Onus in challenging the effects social constructions of race have had on Indigenous peoples. These issues include authenticity, homogenous stereotyping, racial hierarchy and discrimination. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-78), a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist, is known for his taxonomic system, which laid the foundations of the modern biological categorization (Brace, 2005). His ambition was to make order the chaos of biological life based on distinctiveness and established categories of generic and specific names. It divided humans into six categories; four based on geographic location, and Homo ferus (wild man) and homo monstrosus (monster man) (Fish, 2011). He further tried to make scientific sense of life by assigning traits to each of these categories. Racial stereotyping has derived from this concept of Linnaeus’ taxonomy, with static conceptions of a particular race that does not allow for individual variation and intergradations (Fish, 2011). Australia was colonized at a time